How to Read Your Service Treatment Records (STRs): Every Abbreviation Decoded
Your service treatment records are the backbone of almost every VA disability claim — and they're written in a shorthand no one ever taught you to read. A single line like “SM c/o LBP x3d, TTP L4-L5, ROM WNL, RTD” contains five pieces of claim-relevant evidence. This page decodes it: a searchable database of 465 verified military medical abbreviations, plus — for the ones that actually move claims — what each notation means for service connection.
Look Up Any Abbreviation
The Notations That Win (or Sink) Claims
Most abbreviations are just medical shorthand. These are the ones that carry legal weight — each entry explains the doctrine it connects to:
What would this rating pay you? (2026 rates)
Official 2026 VA monthly compensation, including the 2.8% COLA increase.
per month · per year, tax-free
Dependent add-ons start at a 30% rating. Child-only and dependent-parent rates: see the full 2026 pay chart.
2026 base rates, all ratings (veteran alone)
| Rating | Monthly (2026, incl. 2.8% COLA) |
|---|---|
| 10% | $180.42 |
| 20% | $356.66 |
| 30% | $552.47 |
| 40% | $795.84 |
| 50% | $1,132.90 |
| 60% | $1,435.02 |
| 70% | $1,808.45 |
| 80% | $2,102.15 |
| 90% | $2,362.30 |
| 100% | $3,938.58 |
Sick-Call Shorthand
5/5 — full strength (5 out of 5 on the motor strength scale)
Muscle strength graded on a 0-5 scale; 5/5 is normal full strength, 4/5 or less means measurable weakness.
Why it matters for your claim: Strength graded below 5/5 is an objective, examiner-measured deficit - worth flagging wherever it appears.
Muscle strength graded on a 0-5 scale; 5/5 is normal full strength, 4/5 or less means measurable weakness.
Why it matters for your claim: Strength graded below 5/5 is an objective, examiner-measured deficit - worth flagging wherever it appears.
AGG — aggravation / aggravated by service
A note on whether service made a pre-existing condition permanently worse ('EPTS, service aggravated').
Why it matters for your claim: If service permanently worsened a pre-existing condition beyond its natural course, that aggravation is itself service-connectable (38 U.S.C. 1153) - 'service aggravated' in your record is a direct admission of exactly that.
A note on whether service made a pre-existing condition permanently worse ('EPTS, service aggravated').
Why it matters for your claim: If service permanently worsened a pre-existing condition beyond its natural course, that aggravation is itself service-connectable (38 U.S.C. 1153) - 'service aggravated' in your record is a direct admission of exactly that.
B/L — bilateral
Both sides - 'B/L knee pain' means both knees ('bilat' means the same).
Why it matters for your claim: Make sure both sides get claimed when records say B/L - VA rates each side separately and adds the bilateral factor.
Both sides - 'B/L knee pain' means both knees ('bilat' means the same).
Why it matters for your claim: Make sure both sides get claimed when records say B/L - VA rates each side separately and adds the bilateral factor.
BP — blood pressure
Blood pressure reading (e.g., 138/88).
Why it matters for your claim: Repeated elevated in-service BP readings support a hypertension claim even if 'hypertension' was never formally diagnosed while you served.
Blood pressure reading (e.g., 138/88).
Why it matters for your claim: Repeated elevated in-service BP readings support a hypertension claim even if 'hypertension' was never formally diagnosed while you served.
c/o — complains of / complaining of
The medic is recording what you said was wrong - 'c/o LBP' means you came in reporting low back pain.
Why it matters for your claim: Every 'c/o' line is a dated, in-service symptom report - the raw material of chronicity. String the 'c/o' entries for one body part together to show a continuing problem.
The medic is recording what you said was wrong - 'c/o LBP' means you came in reporting low back pain.
Why it matters for your claim: Every 'c/o' line is a dated, in-service symptom report - the raw material of chronicity. String the 'c/o' entries for one body part together to show a continuing problem.
con leave — convalescent leave
Medical leave (not charged against your ordinary leave) to recover from surgery, injury, or serious illness.
Why it matters for your claim: Convalescent leave orders document a medical event serious enough to need weeks of recovery - strong severity evidence for that time period.
Medical leave (not charged against your ordinary leave) to recover from surgery, injury, or serious illness.
Why it matters for your claim: Convalescent leave orders document a medical event serious enough to need weeks of recovery - strong severity evidence for that time period.
EPTS — existed prior to service
The provider's opinion that the condition began before you enlisted - 'EPTS: no' means they judged it started in service.
Why it matters for your claim: EPTS notations matter enormously: unless the condition was noted on your ENTRANCE exam, VA must presume you entered sound, and a bare EPTS note in sick call does not by itself defeat service connection (38 U.S.C. 1111). And even a true pre-existing condition is compensable if service aggravated it.
The provider's opinion that the condition began before you enlisted - 'EPTS: no' means they judged it started in service.
Why it matters for your claim: EPTS notations matter enormously: unless the condition was noted on your ENTRANCE exam, VA must presume you entered sound, and a bare EPTS note in sick call does not by itself defeat service connection (38 U.S.C. 1111). And even a true pre-existing condition is compensable if service aggravated it.
ETOH — ethanol (alcohol)
Alcohol - 'ETOH use' notes drinking; '+ETOH' means alcohol was involved.
Why it matters for your claim: ETOH notes cut both ways: they can document self-medication of an underlying mental health condition, but heavy-drinking notations can also be raised as willful misconduct for injuries - context matters.
Alcohol - 'ETOH use' notes drinking; '+ETOH' means alcohol was involved.
Why it matters for your claim: ETOH notes cut both ways: they can document self-medication of an underlying mental health condition, but heavy-drinking notations can also be raised as willful misconduct for injuries - context matters.
LOC — loss of consciousness
Whether you were knocked out - '+LOC' means yes, '-LOC' or 'no LOC' means no.
Why it matters for your claim: A documented '+LOC' after a blast, crash, or blow to the head is core evidence for a TBI claim - even 'brief LOC' matters. Also check for 'dazed,' 'saw stars,' or memory gap notes.
Whether you were knocked out - '+LOC' means yes, '-LOC' or 'no LOC' means no.
Why it matters for your claim: A documented '+LOC' after a blast, crash, or blow to the head is core evidence for a TBI claim - even 'brief LOC' matters. Also check for 'dazed,' 'saw stars,' or memory gap notes.
LOD — Line of Duty
The official determination of whether an injury or illness happened while you were in a duty status and not due to your own misconduct - 'LOD: yes' or 'in line of duty' is the favorable finding.
Why it matters for your claim: A favorable LOD determination is powerful evidence tying the injury or illness to service - especially critical for Guard/Reserve. An adverse ('not in line of duty') finding can be challenged and does not automatically bind VA.
The official determination of whether an injury or illness happened while you were in a duty status and not due to your own misconduct - 'LOD: yes' or 'in line of duty' is the favorable finding.
Why it matters for your claim: A favorable LOD determination is powerful evidence tying the injury or illness to service - especially critical for Guard/Reserve. An adverse ('not in line of duty') finding can be challenged and does not automatically bind VA.
NCNS — no call, no show
You missed a scheduled medical appointment without calling.
Why it matters for your claim: Raters sometimes read a string of NCNS entries as 'the problem resolved' - be ready to explain missed appointments (field time, deployment, unit tempo).
You missed a scheduled medical appointment without calling.
Why it matters for your claim: Raters sometimes read a string of NCNS entries as 'the problem resolved' - be ready to explain missed appointments (field time, deployment, unit tempo).
NSAID — nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Ibuprofen (Motrin), naproxen (Naprosyn/Aleve) - the military's famous go-to pills for pain; 'Motrin and water' is the running joke for a reason.
Why it matters for your claim: Years of NSAID prescriptions for the same joint or back document continuous treatment of a chronic problem - and long NSAID use is itself linked to stomach (GERD/ulcer) and kidney issues as possible secondary claims.
Ibuprofen (Motrin), naproxen (Naprosyn/Aleve) - the military's famous go-to pills for pain; 'Motrin and water' is the running joke for a reason.
Why it matters for your claim: Years of NSAID prescriptions for the same joint or back document continuous treatment of a chronic problem - and long NSAID use is itself linked to stomach (GERD/ulcer) and kidney issues as possible secondary claims.
quarters — quarters (excused from duty, confined to quarters)
'24 hrs quarters' or '72 hrs quarters' means the provider ordered you off duty to rest for that period - a step more serious than regular sick call.
Why it matters for your claim: Quarters orders show a condition bad enough to pull you off duty - dated proof of functional impact in service.
'24 hrs quarters' or '72 hrs quarters' means the provider ordered you off duty to rest for that period - a step more serious than regular sick call.
Why it matters for your claim: Quarters orders show a condition bad enough to pull you off duty - dated proof of functional impact in service.
ROM — range of motion
How far a joint moves, often written in degrees (e.g., 'flexion 0-90'); limited ROM is a key finding for joint and spine conditions.
Why it matters for your claim: VA rates most joint and spine conditions on range of motion - in-service ROM measurements showing limitation are direct severity evidence.
How far a joint moves, often written in degrees (e.g., 'flexion 0-90'); limited ROM is a key finding for joint and spine conditions.
Why it matters for your claim: VA rates most joint and spine conditions on range of motion - in-service ROM measurements showing limitation are direct severity evidence.
RTD — return to duty
You were sent back to work - the standard sick-call disposition.
Why it matters for your claim: RTD does not mean you were fine - it means you were functional enough to work. An RTD after a documented complaint still leaves the complaint on record.
You were sent back to work - the standard sick-call disposition.
Why it matters for your claim: RTD does not mean you were fine - it means you were functional enough to work. An RTD after a documented complaint still leaves the complaint on record.
s/p — status post
'After having had' - 's/p arthroscopy R knee' means you already had arthroscopic surgery on the right knee.
Why it matters for your claim: 's/p' entries date surgeries and major events to your service time - direct evidence a procedure happened in service.
'After having had' - 's/p arthroscopy R knee' means you already had arthroscopic surgery on the right knee.
Why it matters for your claim: 's/p' entries date surgeries and major events to your service time - direct evidence a procedure happened in service.
TTP — tender to palpation
It hurt when the examiner pressed on it - an objective finding, not just your report.
Why it matters for your claim: TTP is the examiner physically confirming pain at a specific spot - objective corroboration of a painful condition in service.
It hurt when the examiner pressed on it - an objective finding, not just your report.
Why it matters for your claim: TTP is the examiner physically confirming pain at a specific spot - objective corroboration of a painful condition in service.
x3d — times three days (duration notation)
'x' plus a number and unit is how long something has lasted - 'LBP x3d' means low back pain for three days; 'x2wk' two weeks, 'x6mo' six months.
Why it matters for your claim: Duration notations establish onset dates - 'back pain x2yr' charted in service pushes the documented onset two years earlier than the visit date.
'x' plus a number and unit is how long something has lasted - 'LBP x3d' means low back pain for three days; 'x2wk' two weeks, 'x6mo' six months.
Why it matters for your claim: Duration notations establish onset dates - 'back pain x2yr' charted in service pushes the documented onset two years earlier than the visit date.
Military Admin, Profiles & Boards
ADT — Active Duty for Training
Full-time training duty for Guard/Reserve members - injuries during ADT can be service-connected.
Why it matters for your claim: Disease or injury incurred or aggravated during ADT can qualify for service connection - the orders and LOD paperwork establish your duty status.
Full-time training duty for Guard/Reserve members - injuries during ADT can be service-connected.
Why it matters for your claim: Disease or injury incurred or aggravated during ADT can qualify for service connection - the orders and LOD paperwork establish your duty status.
AR 40-501 — Army Regulation 40-501, Standards of Medical Fitness
The Army rulebook listing which medical conditions meet or fail enlistment and retention standards - profiles and MEBs cite its paragraph numbers.
Why it matters for your claim: The specific AR 40-501 paragraph cited in your MEB names the exact condition the Army considered disqualifying - use it to identify the condition to claim.
The Army rulebook listing which medical conditions meet or fail enlistment and retention standards - profiles and MEBs cite its paragraph numbers.
Why it matters for your claim: The specific AR 40-501 paragraph cited in your MEB names the exact condition the Army considered disqualifying - use it to identify the condition to claim.
Chapter 5-13 — Separation for personality disorder (AR 635-200, para 5-13)
An Army administrative discharge on the theory that a lifelong personality disorder - not a service-caused illness - made you unsuitable.
Why it matters for your claim: Many 5-13 discharges were later found to be misdiagnosed PTSD, TBI, or depression; VA is not bound by the in-service label, and these discharges can be challenged at discharge review boards.
An Army administrative discharge on the theory that a lifelong personality disorder - not a service-caused illness - made you unsuitable.
Why it matters for your claim: Many 5-13 discharges were later found to be misdiagnosed PTSD, TBI, or depression; VA is not bound by the in-service label, and these discharges can be challenged at discharge review boards.
Chapter 5-17 — Separation for other designated physical or mental conditions (AR 635-200, para 5-17)
An Army administrative discharge for a condition (like adjustment disorder or sleepwalking) that impairs duty but did not go through the disability system.
Why it matters for your claim: A 5-17 separation names an in-service condition serious enough to end your service, but skipped the MEB/PEB - VA can still service-connect the true underlying diagnosis.
An Army administrative discharge for a condition (like adjustment disorder or sleepwalking) that impairs duty but did not go through the disability system.
Why it matters for your claim: A 5-17 separation names an in-service condition serious enough to end your service, but skipped the MEB/PEB - VA can still service-connect the true underlying diagnosis.
Dental Class 3 — Dental Readiness Classification 3
You have a dental condition likely to cause an emergency within 12 months - not deployable until treated.
Why it matters for your claim: A long-standing Class 3 status documents an untreated dental condition in service - relevant for VA dental treatment eligibility in some cases (e.g., dental trauma).
You have a dental condition likely to cause an emergency within 12 months - not deployable until treated.
Why it matters for your claim: A long-standing Class 3 status documents an untreated dental condition in service - relevant for VA dental treatment eligibility in some cases (e.g., dental trauma).
ELS — Entry Level Separation
An uncharacterized discharge within the first 180 days of service, often for a medical issue that surfaced in training.
Why it matters for your claim: If you were ELS'd for a medical issue, the separation packet documents what surfaced in training; whether it was truly 'pre-existing' is governed by the presumption of soundness.
An uncharacterized discharge within the first 180 days of service, often for a medical issue that surfaced in training.
Why it matters for your claim: If you were ELS'd for a medical issue, the separation packet documents what surfaced in training; whether it was truly 'pre-existing' is governed by the presumption of soundness.
H (PULHES) — Hearing and ears
This PULHES letter grades your hearing and ear health, based on your audiogram.
Why it matters for your claim: Any H serial above 1 documents in-service hearing loss - key evidence for hearing loss and tinnitus claims.
This PULHES letter grades your hearing and ear health, based on your audiogram.
Why it matters for your claim: Any H serial above 1 documents in-service hearing loss - key evidence for hearing loss and tinnitus claims.
IDES — Integrated Disability Evaluation System
The joint DoD-VA process (since about 2011) where the VA does your disability exams and proposed ratings while you are still in uniform.
Why it matters for your claim: If you went through IDES, VA exams and proposed ratings already exist from your last months in service - request the complete IDES file.
The joint DoD-VA process (since about 2011) where the VA does your disability exams and proposed ratings while you are still in uniform.
Why it matters for your claim: If you went through IDES, VA exams and proposed ratings already exist from your last months in service - request the complete IDES file.
IDT — Inactive Duty Training
Drill weekends for Guard/Reserve - injuries (not diseases, with limited exceptions) during IDT can be service-connected.
Why it matters for your claim: For reservists, an injury during IDT is service-connectable; the LOD determination and drill orders are the key documents proving you were in a duty status.
Drill weekends for Guard/Reserve - injuries (not diseases, with limited exceptions) during IDT can be service-connected.
Why it matters for your claim: For reservists, an injury during IDT is service-connectable; the LOD determination and drill orders are the key documents proving you were in a duty status.
L (PULHES) — Lower extremities
This PULHES letter grades your legs, feet, hips, and lower back (lumbar/sacral spine).
Why it matters for your claim: PULHES 'L' rates lower-extremity capacity - a permanent L3 profile is strong evidence of a chronic leg, foot, or low-back condition in service.
This PULHES letter grades your legs, feet, hips, and lower back (lumbar/sacral spine).
Why it matters for your claim: PULHES 'L' rates lower-extremity capacity - a permanent L3 profile is strong evidence of a chronic leg, foot, or low-back condition in service.
L3 — Lower extremities, serial 3
A 3 in the 'L' (lower extremities) slot - a significant leg, foot, hip, or low-back limitation.
Why it matters for your claim: PULHES 'L' rates lower-extremity capacity - a permanent L3 profile is strong evidence of a chronic condition in service and normally triggers an MEB or retention review.
A 3 in the 'L' (lower extremities) slot - a significant leg, foot, hip, or low-back limitation.
Why it matters for your claim: PULHES 'L' rates lower-extremity capacity - a permanent L3 profile is strong evidence of a chronic condition in service and normally triggers an MEB or retention review.
LIMDU — Limited Duty
The Navy/Marine Corps status placing a sick or injured member on restricted duty, usually in 6-month blocks, before return to full duty or referral to the PEB.
Why it matters for your claim: LIMDU orders prove a condition limited your duties for months at a time - the LIMDU package includes medical board reports worth pulling.
The Navy/Marine Corps status placing a sick or injured member on restricted duty, usually in 6-month blocks, before return to full duty or referral to the PEB.
Why it matters for your claim: LIMDU orders prove a condition limited your duties for months at a time - the LIMDU package includes medical board reports worth pulling.
MAR2 — MOS Administrative Retention Review
The Army's administrative review, triggered by a permanent 3 or 4 profile, that decides whether you can still do your job or must be reclassified or referred to an MEB.
Why it matters for your claim: A MAR2 referral in your record confirms a permanent, duty-limiting profile existed - follow the paper trail it generated.
The Army's administrative review, triggered by a permanent 3 or 4 profile, that decides whether you can still do your job or must be reclassified or referred to an MEB.
Why it matters for your claim: A MAR2 referral in your record confirms a permanent, duty-limiting profile existed - follow the paper trail it generated.
MEB — Medical Evaluation Board
A panel of military doctors that decides whether your medical condition meets retention standards or should go to the disability system.
Why it matters for your claim: MEB records (especially the NARSUM) contain the military's own detailed write-up of your condition - a goldmine for service connection and severity evidence.
A panel of military doctors that decides whether your medical condition meets retention standards or should go to the disability system.
Why it matters for your claim: MEB records (especially the NARSUM) contain the military's own detailed write-up of your condition - a goldmine for service connection and severity evidence.
MEDHOLD — Medical Hold / Medical Holdover
A status keeping a soldier (often a mobilized reservist) on active duty specifically for medical treatment.
Why it matters for your claim: MEDHOLD orders prove the military kept you in uniform because of an unresolved medical condition - strong evidence of in-service severity.
A status keeping a soldier (often a mobilized reservist) on active duty specifically for medical treatment.
Why it matters for your claim: MEDHOLD orders prove the military kept you in uniform because of an unresolved medical condition - strong evidence of in-service severity.
MEPS — Military Entrance Processing Station
Where you took your entrance physical before shipping out.
Why it matters for your claim: Your MEPS entrance exam is the legal baseline: any condition NOT noted there is presumed to have first appeared in service (presumption of soundness, 38 U.S.C. 1111).
Where you took your entrance physical before shipping out.
Why it matters for your claim: Your MEPS entrance exam is the legal baseline: any condition NOT noted there is presumed to have first appeared in service (presumption of soundness, 38 U.S.C. 1111).
NARSUM — Narrative Summary
The detailed medical report a doctor writes for your MEB describing your condition, history, and how it limits you.
Why it matters for your claim: The NARSUM is often the single most detailed medical document in a service record - it describes onset, treatment, and functional impact in the military's own words. Always obtain it.
The detailed medical report a doctor writes for your MEB describing your condition, history, and how it limits you.
Why it matters for your claim: The NARSUM is often the single most detailed medical document in a service record - it describes onset, treatment, and functional impact in the military's own words. Always obtain it.
NPQ — Not Physically Qualified
A Navy/Marine Corps or reserve-component finding that you do not meet the physical standards for duty, retention, or a program.
Why it matters for your claim: An NPQ finding documents a disqualifying condition during service - obtain the exam behind it.
A Navy/Marine Corps or reserve-component finding that you do not meet the physical standards for duty, retention, or a program.
Why it matters for your claim: An NPQ finding documents a disqualifying condition during service - obtain the exam behind it.
P (profile prefix) — Permanent profile designator
A 'P' before a profile number (P2, P3) means the doctor decided the condition is not going to go away.
Why it matters for your claim: A permanent profile is a military doctor putting in writing that your condition is chronic - among the strongest in-service evidence there is.
A 'P' before a profile number (P2, P3) means the doctor decided the condition is not going to go away.
Why it matters for your claim: A permanent profile is a military doctor putting in writing that your condition is chronic - among the strongest in-service evidence there is.
P (PULHES) — Physical capacity or stamina
The first PULHES letter grades your overall physical condition - strength, stamina, and any general or internal medical problems.
Why it matters for your claim: A lowered P serial documents an in-service systemic or general medical condition affecting your ability to serve.
The first PULHES letter grades your overall physical condition - strength, stamina, and any general or internal medical problems.
Why it matters for your claim: A lowered P serial documents an in-service systemic or general medical condition affecting your ability to serve.
P2 — Permanent profile, serial 2
A permanent rating of 2 - a mild but lasting condition; you still meet retention standards with minor limitations.
Why it matters for your claim: Even a P2 documents a permanent in-service condition by name - useful for service connection even though the limitation is mild.
A permanent rating of 2 - a mild but lasting condition; you still meet retention standards with minor limitations.
Why it matters for your claim: Even a P2 documents a permanent in-service condition by name - useful for service connection even though the limitation is mild.
P3 — Permanent profile, serial 3
A permanent rating of 3 - a significant lasting limitation that restricts your assignments and duties.
Why it matters for your claim: A permanent 3 profile is strong evidence of a chronic condition in service, and it triggers referral to the disability evaluation system (MEB/MAR2), so the surrounding records are rich in medical detail.
A permanent rating of 3 - a significant lasting limitation that restricts your assignments and duties.
Why it matters for your claim: A permanent 3 profile is strong evidence of a chronic condition in service, and it triggers referral to the disability evaluation system (MEB/MAR2), so the surrounding records are rich in medical detail.
P4 — Permanent profile, serial 4
A permanent rating of 4 - a severe lasting limitation below military retention standards.
Why it matters for your claim: A P4 nearly always means disability processing - look for the MEB/PEB paperwork that should accompany it.
A permanent rating of 4 - a severe lasting limitation below military retention standards.
Why it matters for your claim: A P4 nearly always means disability processing - look for the MEB/PEB paperwork that should accompany it.
PDRL — Permanent Disability Retired List
Permanent medical retirement - the military decided your condition is stable and permanently disqualifying.
Why it matters for your claim: PDRL placement is a permanent military finding of disability with its own rating - powerful corroboration for the VA claim on the same condition.
Permanent medical retirement - the military decided your condition is stable and permanently disqualifying.
Why it matters for your claim: PDRL placement is a permanent military finding of disability with its own rating - powerful corroboration for the VA claim on the same condition.
PEB — Physical Evaluation Board
The board that decides whether a condition the MEB flagged makes you unfit for duty, and if so, what disability percentage you get from the military.
Why it matters for your claim: A PEB 'unfit' finding is the military formally agreeing your condition was disabling during service - VA must service-connect conditions the PEB found unfitting in almost all cases.
The board that decides whether a condition the MEB flagged makes you unfit for duty, and if so, what disability percentage you get from the military.
Why it matters for your claim: A PEB 'unfit' finding is the military formally agreeing your condition was disabling during service - VA must service-connect conditions the PEB found unfitting in almost all cases.
PHA — Periodic Health Assessment
The annual military health screening - a questionnaire plus record review, and sometimes an exam.
Why it matters for your claim: PHA questionnaires are dated, self-reported symptom records - a 'yes' you checked about pain, sleep, or mood years ago can anchor onset of a condition.
The annual military health screening - a questionnaire plus record review, and sometimes an exam.
Why it matters for your claim: PHA questionnaires are dated, self-reported symptom records - a 'yes' you checked about pain, sleep, or mood years ago can anchor onset of a condition.
profile — Physical profile (duty limitation)
A written medical order limiting what your unit can make you do - for example no running, no rucking, or no weapons handling - recorded on DA Form 3349, AF Form 469, or a light/limited duty chit.
Why it matters for your claim: Profiles are contemporaneous proof that a condition was serious enough to limit your duties in service - pull every profile in your record.
A written medical order limiting what your unit can make you do - for example no running, no rucking, or no weapons handling - recorded on DA Form 3349, AF Form 469, or a light/limited duty chit.
Why it matters for your claim: Profiles are contemporaneous proof that a condition was serious enough to limit your duties in service - pull every profile in your record.
PULHES — Physical profile serial system (Physical capacity, Upper extremities, Lower extremities, Hearing/ears, Eyes, pSychiatric)
A six-letter, six-number code that grades your fitness in six body areas, with 1 meaning fully fit and 4 meaning a serious limitation.
Why it matters for your claim: The PULHES serial on your entrance and separation exams brackets your service: a factor rated 1 at entry that is a 3 at separation is documentary proof the condition began or worsened during service.
A six-letter, six-number code that grades your fitness in six body areas, with 1 meaning fully fit and 4 meaning a serious limitation.
Why it matters for your claim: The PULHES serial on your entrance and separation exams brackets your service: a factor rated 1 at entry that is a 3 at separation is documentary proof the condition began or worsened during service.
S (PULHES) — Psychiatric
This PULHES letter grades your mental health at the time the profile was written.
Why it matters for your claim: An S serial above 1 documents an in-service mental health condition - useful evidence for PTSD, depression, and anxiety claims.
This PULHES letter grades your mental health at the time the profile was written.
Why it matters for your claim: An S serial above 1 documents an in-service mental health condition - useful evidence for PTSD, depression, and anxiety claims.
S3 — Psychiatric, serial 3
A 3 in the 'S' (psychiatric) slot - a significant mental health condition limiting your duties.
Why it matters for your claim: An S3 documents an in-service mental health condition serious enough to limit duty - strong evidence for a mental health claim.
A 3 in the 'S' (psychiatric) slot - a significant mental health condition limiting your duties.
Why it matters for your claim: An S3 documents an in-service mental health condition serious enough to limit duty - strong evidence for a mental health claim.
STR — Service Treatment Record
The complete file of your military medical and dental records - what used to be called the health record; VA requests it from the records centers when you file.
Why it matters for your claim: Always get your complete STR before filing - VA decisions frequently miss entries that are in there. You can request it via milConnect or the NPRC (SF 180).
The complete file of your military medical and dental records - what used to be called the health record; VA requests it from the records centers when you file.
Why it matters for your claim: Always get your complete STR before filing - VA decisions frequently miss entries that are in there. You can request it via milConnect or the NPRC (SF 180).
T (profile prefix) — Temporary profile designator
A 'T' before a profile number (T2, T3) means the limitation is expected to heal - temporary profiles carry expiration dates and get renewed or upgraded.
Why it matters for your claim: A string of renewed temporary profiles for the same problem shows a condition that never actually resolved - evidence of chronicity.
A 'T' before a profile number (T2, T3) means the limitation is expected to heal - temporary profiles carry expiration dates and get renewed or upgraded.
Why it matters for your claim: A string of renewed temporary profiles for the same problem shows a condition that never actually resolved - evidence of chronicity.
TDRL — Temporary Disability Retired List
A temporary medical retirement - the military retired you for a condition it considered unstable, with re-exams every 12-18 months before a final decision.
Why it matters for your claim: TDRL placement means the military itself rated your condition disabling; TDRL re-exam reports document how the condition behaved right after service.
A temporary medical retirement - the military retired you for a condition it considered unstable, with re-exams every 12-18 months before a final decision.
Why it matters for your claim: TDRL placement means the military itself rated your condition disabling; TDRL re-exam reports document how the condition behaved right after service.
U (PULHES) — Upper extremities
This PULHES letter grades your arms, hands, shoulders, and upper spine (cervical/thoracic), including strength and range of motion.
Why it matters for your claim: A lowered U serial is in-service evidence of a chronic arm, shoulder, hand, or neck/upper-back condition.
This PULHES letter grades your arms, hands, shoulders, and upper spine (cervical/thoracic), including strength and range of motion.
Why it matters for your claim: A lowered U serial is in-service evidence of a chronic arm, shoulder, hand, or neck/upper-back condition.
General Medical
CAD — coronary artery disease
Blocked or narrowed heart arteries - the disease behind most heart attacks.
Why it matters for your claim: Ischemic heart disease (CAD) is presumptively service-connected for herbicide-exposed veterans - and in-service risk documentation (HTN, lipids, ECG changes) supports direct claims.
Blocked or narrowed heart arteries - the disease behind most heart attacks.
Why it matters for your claim: Ischemic heart disease (CAD) is presumptively service-connected for herbicide-exposed veterans - and in-service risk documentation (HTN, lipids, ECG changes) supports direct claims.
CFS — chronic fatigue syndrome
A disabling long-term fatigue condition not explained by other diagnoses.
Why it matters for your claim: CFS is a Gulf War presumptive condition (38 CFR 3.317) for Southwest Asia veterans.
A disabling long-term fatigue condition not explained by other diagnoses.
Why it matters for your claim: CFS is a Gulf War presumptive condition (38 CFR 3.317) for Southwest Asia veterans.
CPAP — continuous positive airway pressure
The sleep apnea breathing machine.
Why it matters for your claim: A CPAP prescription documents treated OSA - under the current schedule the need for breathing-assistance devices like CPAP is central to the 50% rating level.
The sleep apnea breathing machine.
Why it matters for your claim: A CPAP prescription documents treated OSA - under the current schedule the need for breathing-assistance devices like CPAP is central to the 50% rating level.
DM — diabetes mellitus
Diabetes - 'DM II' or 'DMII' is type 2 (adult onset); older records may say NIDDM (non-insulin-dependent) or IDDM (insulin-dependent, type 1).
Why it matters for your claim: Type 2 diabetes is presumptively service-connected for veterans exposed to herbicides (Vietnam, certain Thailand/Korea service) - the diagnosis date and exposure history do the work.
Diabetes - 'DM II' or 'DMII' is type 2 (adult onset); older records may say NIDDM (non-insulin-dependent) or IDDM (insulin-dependent, type 1).
Why it matters for your claim: Type 2 diabetes is presumptively service-connected for veterans exposed to herbicides (Vietnam, certain Thailand/Korea service) - the diagnosis date and exposure history do the work.
ED — erectile dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction; in an encounter header, ED instead means emergency department - context decides.
Why it matters for your claim: ED secondary to service-connected conditions (diabetes, PTSD medications, prostate treatment) is compensable as special monthly compensation (SMC-K) even at a 0% rating.
Erectile dysfunction; in an encounter header, ED instead means emergency department - context decides.
Why it matters for your claim: ED secondary to service-connected conditions (diabetes, PTSD medications, prostate treatment) is compensable as special monthly compensation (SMC-K) even at a 0% rating.
EHI — exertional heat illness
Heat injury during exertion - the spectrum from heat exhaustion to heat stroke; military records may show 'heat cat' (heat category) flags and profiles afterward.
Why it matters for your claim: A documented heat stroke or serious heat injury in service matters later: it predisposes to future heat intolerance, and heat-injury residuals (kidney, neurologic) are ratable - the hospitalization records are key.
Heat injury during exertion - the spectrum from heat exhaustion to heat stroke; military records may show 'heat cat' (heat category) flags and profiles afterward.
Why it matters for your claim: A documented heat stroke or serious heat injury in service matters later: it predisposes to future heat intolerance, and heat-injury residuals (kidney, neurologic) are ratable - the hospitalization records are key.
FCI — freezing cold injury
Frostbite - actual tissue freezing.
Why it matters for your claim: Cold injuries have delayed residuals VA specifically recognizes (pain, numbness, nail changes, arthritis in affected parts, Raynaud's-type symptoms) - an in-service frostbite note supports claims decades later.
Frostbite - actual tissue freezing.
Why it matters for your claim: Cold injuries have delayed residuals VA specifically recognizes (pain, numbness, nail changes, arthritis in affected parts, Raynaud's-type symptoms) - an in-service frostbite note supports claims decades later.
FM — fibromyalgia
A chronic widespread pain condition with tender points, fatigue, and poor sleep.
Why it matters for your claim: Fibromyalgia is presumptively service-connected for Gulf War / Southwest Asia veterans (38 CFR 3.317) - widespread pain complaints in and after service plus qualifying deployment can be enough.
A chronic widespread pain condition with tender points, fatigue, and poor sleep.
Why it matters for your claim: Fibromyalgia is presumptively service-connected for Gulf War / Southwest Asia veterans (38 CFR 3.317) - widespread pain complaints in and after service plus qualifying deployment can be enough.
GERD — gastroesophageal reflux disease
Chronic acid reflux/heartburn - stomach acid backing up into the swallowing tube.
Why it matters for your claim: GERD claims often ride on in-service antacid/omeprazole prescriptions and 'heartburn' sick-call notes; GERD is also a common secondary claim to long-term NSAID use or to medications for service-connected conditions.
Chronic acid reflux/heartburn - stomach acid backing up into the swallowing tube.
Why it matters for your claim: GERD claims often ride on in-service antacid/omeprazole prescriptions and 'heartburn' sick-call notes; GERD is also a common secondary claim to long-term NSAID use or to medications for service-connected conditions.
HTN — hypertension
High blood pressure - for VA purposes, generally diastolic (bottom number) 90+ or systolic (top number) 160+ confirmed by repeated readings.
Why it matters for your claim: Elevated BP readings scattered through service records can support an HTN claim even without an in-service diagnosis; HTN diagnosed within a year of separation is also a presumptive chronic disease (38 CFR 3.309(a)).
High blood pressure - for VA purposes, generally diastolic (bottom number) 90+ or systolic (top number) 160+ confirmed by repeated readings.
Why it matters for your claim: Elevated BP readings scattered through service records can support an HTN claim even without an in-service diagnosis; HTN diagnosed within a year of separation is also a presumptive chronic disease (38 CFR 3.309(a)).
IBS — irritable bowel syndrome
A functional bowel disorder - cramping, bloating, alternating bowel habits, with normal test results.
Why it matters for your claim: IBS is a presumptive condition for Gulf War / Southwest Asia veterans as a functional gastrointestinal disorder (38 CFR 3.317) - deployment plus chronic bowel complaints can be enough.
A functional bowel disorder - cramping, bloating, alternating bowel habits, with normal test results.
Why it matters for your claim: IBS is a presumptive condition for Gulf War / Southwest Asia veterans as a functional gastrointestinal disorder (38 CFR 3.317) - deployment plus chronic bowel complaints can be enough.
ICD-9 / ICD-10 — International Classification of Diseases (9th/10th revision) diagnosis codes
The numeric diagnosis codes on records and encounter forms - e.g., ICD-9 724.2 / ICD-10 M54.5 both mean low back pain; the code pins down exactly what was diagnosed.
Why it matters for your claim: When a note's handwriting is unreadable, the ICD code printed on the encounter form still tells you the exact diagnosis - decode every code.
The numeric diagnosis codes on records and encounter forms - e.g., ICD-9 724.2 / ICD-10 M54.5 both mean low back pain; the code pins down exactly what was diagnosed.
Why it matters for your claim: When a note's handwriting is unreadable, the ICD code printed on the encounter form still tells you the exact diagnosis - decode every code.
MRI — magnetic resonance imaging
The detailed scan best for soft tissue - discs, ligaments, cartilage, brain.
Why it matters for your claim: An in-service MRI report naming a structural finding (disc herniation, tear, lesion) is objective evidence that outlives memory - always obtain the radiologist's actual report, not just the clinic note about it.
The detailed scan best for soft tissue - discs, ligaments, cartilage, brain.
Why it matters for your claim: An in-service MRI report naming a structural finding (disc herniation, tear, lesion) is objective evidence that outlives memory - always obtain the radiologist's actual report, not just the clinic note about it.
mTBI — mild traumatic brain injury
A concussion - brief or no loss of consciousness, normal imaging; 'mild' describes the initial injury, not necessarily the lasting effects.
Why it matters for your claim: 'Mild' TBI does not mean mild residuals - persistent post-concussive symptoms are ratable, and repeated mTBIs compound. Count every documented concussion.
A concussion - brief or no loss of consciousness, normal imaging; 'mild' describes the initial injury, not necessarily the lasting effects.
Why it matters for your claim: 'Mild' TBI does not mean mild residuals - persistent post-concussive symptoms are ratable, and repeated mTBIs compound. Count every documented concussion.
NFCI — non-freezing cold injury
Cold damage without freezing (trench foot / immersion foot) - from prolonged wet cold.
Why it matters for your claim: NFCI (trench foot) residuals - chronic pain, cold sensitivity, numbness - are service-connectable long after the fact; field training cold exposure notes corroborate.
Cold damage without freezing (trench foot / immersion foot) - from prolonged wet cold.
Why it matters for your claim: NFCI (trench foot) residuals - chronic pain, cold sensitivity, numbness - are service-connectable long after the fact; field training cold exposure notes corroborate.
OSA — obstructive sleep apnea
Breathing repeatedly stopping during sleep - loud snoring, gasping, unrefreshing sleep and daytime exhaustion.
Why it matters for your claim: An in-service sleep study diagnosing OSA is direct service-connection evidence; buddy statements about witnessed snoring/apneas in service also carry real weight, and OSA is a common secondary claim (e.g., aggravated by PTSD, rhinitis, or weight gain from limited mobility).
Breathing repeatedly stopping during sleep - loud snoring, gasping, unrefreshing sleep and daytime exhaustion.
Why it matters for your claim: An in-service sleep study diagnosing OSA is direct service-connection evidence; buddy statements about witnessed snoring/apneas in service also carry real weight, and OSA is a common secondary claim (e.g., aggravated by PTSD, rhinitis, or weight gain from limited mobility).
PFT — pulmonary function test
The breathing test (spirometry) measuring lung capacity and airflow - reported as FEV1, FVC, and their ratio.
Why it matters for your claim: In-service PFT numbers are the objective baseline for respiratory claims - VA rates asthma and COPD largely on FEV-1 and FEV-1/FVC percentages, so service-era values matter.
The breathing test (spirometry) measuring lung capacity and airflow - reported as FEV1, FVC, and their ratio.
Why it matters for your claim: In-service PFT numbers are the objective baseline for respiratory claims - VA rates asthma and COPD largely on FEV-1 and FEV-1/FVC percentages, so service-era values matter.
PSG — polysomnography
A formal overnight sleep study.
Why it matters for your claim: The PSG report is the diagnostic document for sleep apnea - if one was done in service, it alone can carry the claim.
A formal overnight sleep study.
Why it matters for your claim: The PSG report is the diagnostic document for sleep apnea - if one was done in service, it alone can carry the claim.
RAD — reactive airway disease
Asthma-like airway twitchiness - providers often chart RAD before committing to an asthma diagnosis.
Why it matters for your claim: RAD notations are frequently the in-service breadcrumb for later asthma claims - especially for burn-pit-exposed veterans, where asthma diagnosed after service is now presumptive under the PACT Act.
Asthma-like airway twitchiness - providers often chart RAD before committing to an asthma diagnosis.
Why it matters for your claim: RAD notations are frequently the in-service breadcrumb for later asthma claims - especially for burn-pit-exposed veterans, where asthma diagnosed after service is now presumptive under the PACT Act.
TBI — traumatic brain injury
A brain injury from a blow, blast, or jolt to the head - graded mild, moderate, or severe by loss of consciousness, memory gap, and imaging.
Why it matters for your claim: Even a 'mild' TBI in service is ratable if residuals persist (headaches, memory, mood, sleep); the LOC/memory-gap documentation at the time of injury drives the severity classification - find the original event note, MACE card, or MEDEVAC record.
A brain injury from a blow, blast, or jolt to the head - graded mild, moderate, or severe by loss of consciousness, memory gap, and imaging.
Why it matters for your claim: Even a 'mild' TBI in service is ratable if residuals persist (headaches, memory, mood, sleep); the LOC/memory-gap documentation at the time of injury drives the severity classification - find the original event note, MACE card, or MEDEVAC record.
UA — urinalysis
Urine test - checked for infection, blood, protein, sugar.
Why it matters for your claim: Protein or blood on in-service urinalyses can be the earliest documentation of kidney disease - worth flagging if you later develop renal problems.
Urine test - checked for infection, blood, protein, sugar.
Why it matters for your claim: Protein or blood on in-service urinalyses can be the earliest documentation of kidney disease - worth flagging if you later develop renal problems.
Orthopedic & Musculoskeletal
ATFL — anterior talofibular ligament
The ligament on the outside of the ankle - the one torn in a typical rolled ankle.
Why it matters for your claim: Repeated ATFL/lateral ankle sprains in service set up later chronic instability and arthritis claims - count the sprain visits.
The ligament on the outside of the ankle - the one torn in a typical rolled ankle.
Why it matters for your claim: Repeated ATFL/lateral ankle sprains in service set up later chronic instability and arthritis claims - count the sprain visits.
DDD — degenerative disc disease
Wear-and-tear breakdown of the cushioning discs between the bones of your spine.
Why it matters for your claim: A DDD diagnosis (or X-ray/MRI showing disc degeneration) in service documents structural spine disease, not just 'a strain' - it anchors a ratable diagnosis to service.
Wear-and-tear breakdown of the cushioning discs between the bones of your spine.
Why it matters for your claim: A DDD diagnosis (or X-ray/MRI showing disc degeneration) in service documents structural spine disease, not just 'a strain' - it anchors a ratable diagnosis to service.
DJD — degenerative joint disease
The medical term for osteoarthritis - wear-and-tear arthritis of a joint.
Why it matters for your claim: Arthritis shown by X-ray within one year of separation is a 'chronic disease' VA can presume service-connected (38 CFR 3.309(a)) - in-service DJD findings are even stronger.
The medical term for osteoarthritis - wear-and-tear arthritis of a joint.
Why it matters for your claim: Arthritis shown by X-ray within one year of separation is a 'chronic disease' VA can presume service-connected (38 CFR 3.309(a)) - in-service DJD findings are even stronger.
EMG — electromyography
A nerve-and-muscle electrical test (needles) used to confirm pinched nerves, radiculopathy, or neuropathy.
Why it matters for your claim: An abnormal in-service EMG is objective proof of nerve damage - it turns 'subjective tingling' into a documented neurological condition.
A nerve-and-muscle electrical test (needles) used to confirm pinched nerves, radiculopathy, or neuropathy.
Why it matters for your claim: An abnormal in-service EMG is objective proof of nerve damage - it turns 'subjective tingling' into a documented neurological condition.
flex — flexion
Bending the joint - spine flexion is bending forward; normal forward bend of the low back is 0 to 90 degrees.
Why it matters for your claim: Flexion numbers are the currency of VA spine and joint ratings - 'forward flexion 45 degrees' in a service record maps directly onto the rating schedule.
Bending the joint - spine flexion is bending forward; normal forward bend of the low back is 0 to 90 degrees.
Why it matters for your claim: Flexion numbers are the currency of VA spine and joint ratings - 'forward flexion 45 degrees' in a service record maps directly onto the rating schedule.
HNP — herniated nucleus pulposus
A herniated ('slipped') disc - the soft center of a spinal disc pushing out and often pressing on a nerve.
Why it matters for your claim: An in-service HNP is a discrete, imageable injury; if sciatica or radiculopathy shows up later, this is the anchor event.
A herniated ('slipped') disc - the soft center of a spinal disc pushing out and often pressing on a nerve.
Why it matters for your claim: An in-service HNP is a discrete, imageable injury; if sciatica or radiculopathy shows up later, this is the anchor event.
IVDS — intervertebral disc syndrome
VA's umbrella term for disc disease with nerve symptoms - it matters because VA has a special rating formula for it.
Why it matters for your claim: IVDS is literal VA rating language (38 CFR 4.71a, DC 5243): documented 'incapacitating episodes' (doctor-prescribed bed rest) can rate higher than range of motion alone - hunt for bed rest/quarters orders tied to the back.
VA's umbrella term for disc disease with nerve symptoms - it matters because VA has a special rating formula for it.
Why it matters for your claim: IVDS is literal VA rating language (38 CFR 4.71a, DC 5243): documented 'incapacitating episodes' (doctor-prescribed bed rest) can rate higher than range of motion alone - hunt for bed rest/quarters orders tied to the back.
LBP — low back pain
Low back pain - probably the single most common complaint in service treatment records.
Why it matters for your claim: Repeated LBP visits in service establish chronicity for a back claim; VA later rates the diagnosed condition (strain, DDD, etc.) largely on range of motion and flare-ups.
Low back pain - probably the single most common complaint in service treatment records.
Why it matters for your claim: Repeated LBP visits in service establish chronicity for a back claim; VA later rates the diagnosed condition (strain, DDD, etc.) largely on range of motion and flare-ups.
PT — physical therapy
Physical therapy - exercise and rehab treatment; on older forms 'PT' can also mean 'patient' or 'physical training' - context decides.
Why it matters for your claim: A PT referral shows a problem persistent enough to need formal rehab; PT notes contain serial ROM and strength measurements that document severity over time.
Physical therapy - exercise and rehab treatment; on older forms 'PT' can also mean 'patient' or 'physical training' - context decides.
Why it matters for your claim: A PT referral shows a problem persistent enough to need formal rehab; PT notes contain serial ROM and strength measurements that document severity over time.
radic — radiculopathy
Pinched-nerve symptoms - pain, numbness, or weakness shooting down an arm or leg from a spine problem.
Why it matters for your claim: Radiculopathy is rated separately from the back itself - each affected nerve/extremity can carry its own rating on top of the spine rating.
Pinched-nerve symptoms - pain, numbness, or weakness shooting down an arm or leg from a spine problem.
Why it matters for your claim: Radiculopathy is rated separately from the back itself - each affected nerve/extremity can carry its own rating on top of the spine rating.
SLR — straight leg raise
The exam where the provider lifts your straight leg while you lie down - '+SLR' (positive) suggests a pinched nerve from a disc problem.
Why it matters for your claim: A positive SLR documented in service is objective evidence of nerve root irritation - supports both the spine claim and a separate radiculopathy rating.
The exam where the provider lifts your straight leg while you lie down - '+SLR' (positive) suggests a pinched nerve from a disc problem.
Why it matters for your claim: A positive SLR documented in service is objective evidence of nerve root irritation - supports both the spine claim and a separate radiculopathy rating.
Mental Health
Adj D/O — adjustment disorder
A stress-response diagnosis - significant symptoms triggered by a life stressor, considered short-term; a favorite military diagnosis because it avoids the disability system.
Why it matters for your claim: Adjustment disorder diagnoses in service often precede or mask PTSD/depression; VA looks at the symptoms and course, not just the in-service label.
A stress-response diagnosis - significant symptoms triggered by a life stressor, considered short-term; a favorite military diagnosis because it avoids the disability system.
Why it matters for your claim: Adjustment disorder diagnoses in service often precede or mask PTSD/depression; VA looks at the symptoms and course, not just the in-service label.
ASAP — Army Substance Abuse Program
The Army's alcohol/drug program - 'ASAP referral' or 'ASAP enrollment' in records marks alcohol or drug involvement.
Why it matters for your claim: An ASAP enrollment is a dated marker of substance problems in service - often corroborating self-medication of an undiagnosed mental health condition.
The Army's alcohol/drug program - 'ASAP referral' or 'ASAP enrollment' in records marks alcohol or drug involvement.
Why it matters for your claim: An ASAP enrollment is a dated marker of substance problems in service - often corroborating self-medication of an undiagnosed mental health condition.
ASD — acute stress disorder
The PTSD-like reaction diagnosed in the first month after trauma - if symptoms last past 30 days the diagnosis typically converts to PTSD.
Why it matters for your claim: An in-service ASD diagnosis right after an event is a documented traumatic stressor plus an immediate symptom response - a natural bridge to a later PTSD diagnosis.
The PTSD-like reaction diagnosed in the first month after trauma - if symptoms last past 30 days the diagnosis typically converts to PTSD.
Why it matters for your claim: An in-service ASD diagnosis right after an event is a documented traumatic stressor plus an immediate symptom response - a natural bridge to a later PTSD diagnosis.
AUD — alcohol use disorder
The clinical term for alcohol addiction.
Why it matters for your claim: Alcohol abuse that began as self-medication of PTSD/depression can be service-connected secondary to the underlying condition - primary alcohol abuse alone cannot.
The clinical term for alcohol addiction.
Why it matters for your claim: Alcohol abuse that began as self-medication of PTSD/depression can be service-connected secondary to the underlying condition - primary alcohol abuse alone cannot.
AXIS I — Axis I (clinical disorders, DSM-IV system)
In pre-2013 mental health notes, Axis I is where the main psychiatric diagnoses were listed - PTSD, depression, anxiety, substance use.
Why it matters for your claim: An Axis I diagnosis in service is a formal in-service psychiatric diagnosis - direct evidence for a mental health claim.
In pre-2013 mental health notes, Axis I is where the main psychiatric diagnoses were listed - PTSD, depression, anxiety, substance use.
Why it matters for your claim: An Axis I diagnosis in service is a formal in-service psychiatric diagnosis - direct evidence for a mental health claim.
AXIS II — Axis II (personality disorders and intellectual disability, DSM-IV system)
Where 'personality disorder' diagnoses were listed - conditions the military treated as pre-existing character traits rather than service-caused illness.
Why it matters for your claim: Axis II 'personality disorder' labels were often used to administratively separate members whose real problem was PTSD or depression - VA is not bound by that label, and it can be rebutted.
Where 'personality disorder' diagnoses were listed - conditions the military treated as pre-existing character traits rather than service-caused illness.
Why it matters for your claim: Axis II 'personality disorder' labels were often used to administratively separate members whose real problem was PTSD or depression - VA is not bound by that label, and it can be rebutted.
AXIS IV — Axis IV (psychosocial and environmental stressors, DSM-IV system)
Where the note lists what was stressing you - deployment, marriage, finances, unit problems.
Why it matters for your claim: Axis IV entries sometimes name the stressor itself ('combat deployment,' 'sexual assault') - contemporaneous stressor corroboration for PTSD claims.
Where the note lists what was stressing you - deployment, marriage, finances, unit problems.
Why it matters for your claim: Axis IV entries sometimes name the stressor itself ('combat deployment,' 'sexual assault') - contemporaneous stressor corroboration for PTSD claims.
CDE — command-directed evaluation
A mental health evaluation your commander ordered (not one you sought yourself).
Why it matters for your claim: A command-directed mental health evaluation proves the command itself saw concerning behavior - an objective marker that something was visibly wrong in service.
A mental health evaluation your commander ordered (not one you sought yourself).
Why it matters for your claim: A command-directed mental health evaluation proves the command itself saw concerning behavior - an objective marker that something was visibly wrong in service.
GAF — Global Assessment of Functioning
A 0-100 score of overall psychological functioning used until 2013 - roughly: 70+ mild, 51-60 moderate, 41-50 serious symptoms, below 40 major impairment.
Why it matters for your claim: Old GAF scores are dated severity snapshots: a string of GAFs in the 40s-50s during service documents moderate-to-serious impairment in the military's own metric.
A 0-100 score of overall psychological functioning used until 2013 - roughly: 70+ mild, 51-60 moderate, 41-50 serious symptoms, below 40 major impairment.
Why it matters for your claim: Old GAF scores are dated severity snapshots: a string of GAFs in the 40s-50s during service documents moderate-to-serious impairment in the military's own metric.
MST — military sexual trauma
VA's term for sexual assault or harassment during service.
Why it matters for your claim: MST claims have special evidence rules (38 CFR 3.304(f)(5)): 'markers' like sudden performance drop, transfer requests, STI testing, pregnancy tests, or behavioral change can substitute for a direct report - a decoder of subtle record entries matters most here.
VA's term for sexual assault or harassment during service.
Why it matters for your claim: MST claims have special evidence rules (38 CFR 3.304(f)(5)): 'markers' like sudden performance drop, transfer requests, STI testing, pregnancy tests, or behavioral change can substitute for a direct report - a decoder of subtle record entries matters most here.
PCL — PTSD Checklist
A 17- or 20-question PTSD symptom questionnaire (PCL-M military, PCL-C civilian, PCL-5 current); higher scores mean more symptoms - roughly 33+ on the PCL-5 suggests probable PTSD.
Why it matters for your claim: An elevated PCL score in service or on post-deployment screening is documented, dated evidence of PTSD symptoms - even without a formal diagnosis at the time.
A 17- or 20-question PTSD symptom questionnaire (PCL-M military, PCL-C civilian, PCL-5 current); higher scores mean more symptoms - roughly 33+ on the PCL-5 suggests probable PTSD.
Why it matters for your claim: An elevated PCL score in service or on post-deployment screening is documented, dated evidence of PTSD symptoms - even without a formal diagnosis at the time.
PD — personality disorder
A diagnosis of lifelong maladaptive personality traits - in military records, frequently the stated basis for administrative separation.
Why it matters for your claim: PD separations (Chapter 5-13) were widely misapplied to members with PTSD, TBI, or depression - VA can diagnose the correct condition, and discharge review boards give liberal consideration to upgrading these discharges.
A diagnosis of lifelong maladaptive personality traits - in military records, frequently the stated basis for administrative separation.
Why it matters for your claim: PD separations (Chapter 5-13) were widely misapplied to members with PTSD, TBI, or depression - VA can diagnose the correct condition, and discharge review boards give liberal consideration to upgrading these discharges.
PHQ-9 — Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 items
The standard 9-question depression screen scored 0-27: 5 mild, 10 moderate, 15 moderately severe, 20+ severe.
Why it matters for your claim: PHQ-9 scores in service records quantify depression symptoms with dates - a 15+ score is documented moderately-severe depression regardless of what was formally diagnosed.
The standard 9-question depression screen scored 0-27: 5 mild, 10 moderate, 15 moderately severe, 20+ severe.
Why it matters for your claim: PHQ-9 scores in service records quantify depression symptoms with dates - a 15+ score is documented moderately-severe depression regardless of what was formally diagnosed.
PTSD — posttraumatic stress disorder
The trauma-response condition - in older records also written 'PTSD, chronic' or coded 309.81.
Why it matters for your claim: For PTSD claims, in-service mental health visits, PCL scores, PDHA/PDHRA answers, and even sick-call sleep or 'stress' complaints all corroborate onset - the stressor itself is proven separately (records, buddy statements, or the fear-of-hostile-activity rule).
The trauma-response condition - in older records also written 'PTSD, chronic' or coded 309.81.
Why it matters for your claim: For PTSD claims, in-service mental health visits, PCL scores, PDHA/PDHRA answers, and even sick-call sleep or 'stress' complaints all corroborate onset - the stressor itself is proven separately (records, buddy statements, or the fear-of-hostile-activity rule).
SI — suicidal ideation
Thoughts of suicide - 'denies SI/HI' means you said you had no thoughts of harming yourself or others; in a back note, SI instead means sacroiliac.
Why it matters for your claim: Documented SI in service is serious evidence of the severity of a mental health condition; 'passive SI' notations count too.
Thoughts of suicide - 'denies SI/HI' means you said you had no thoughts of harming yourself or others; in a back note, SI instead means sacroiliac.
Why it matters for your claim: Documented SI in service is serious evidence of the severity of a mental health condition; 'passive SI' notations count too.
SSRI — selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
The most common class of antidepressants - sertraline (Zoloft), fluoxetine (Prozac), escitalopram (Lexapro).
Why it matters for your claim: An SSRI prescription in service is hard evidence a mental health condition was being treated - even when the visit notes are thin.
The most common class of antidepressants - sertraline (Zoloft), fluoxetine (Prozac), escitalopram (Lexapro).
Why it matters for your claim: An SSRI prescription in service is hard evidence a mental health condition was being treated - even when the visit notes are thin.
The Forms Themselves
AF 469 — AF Form 469, Duty Limiting Condition Report
The Air Force form spelling out a member's specific duty and mobility restrictions - the AF equivalent of an Army profile.
Why it matters for your claim: An AF 469 documents a duty-limiting condition in service, with dates and specifics - collect every one issued to you.
The Air Force form spelling out a member's specific duty and mobility restrictions - the AF equivalent of an Army profile.
Why it matters for your claim: An AF 469 documents a duty-limiting condition in service, with dates and specifics - collect every one issued to you.
DA 199 — DA Form 199, Physical Evaluation Board (PEB) Proceedings
The Army PEB's findings sheet - lists each condition, whether it was found unfitting, and the percentage awarded.
Why it matters for your claim: The DA 199 lists exactly which conditions the Army found unfitting and their ratings - VA must generally service-connect those same conditions.
The Army PEB's findings sheet - lists each condition, whether it was found unfitting, and the percentage awarded.
Why it matters for your claim: The DA 199 lists exactly which conditions the Army found unfitting and their ratings - VA must generally service-connect those same conditions.
DA 2173 — DA Form 2173, Statement of Medical Examination and Duty Status
The Army form the treatment facility starts when a soldier is hurt, recording what happened and whether the soldier was on duty - the first step of a line-of-duty determination.
Why it matters for your claim: A DA 2173 with 'in line of duty' ties an injury directly to a duty status - essential for Guard/Reserve members whose eligibility depends on being injured while on orders or at drill.
The Army form the treatment facility starts when a soldier is hurt, recording what happened and whether the soldier was on duty - the first step of a line-of-duty determination.
Why it matters for your claim: A DA 2173 with 'in line of duty' ties an injury directly to a duty status - essential for Guard/Reserve members whose eligibility depends on being injured while on orders or at drill.
DA 3349 — DA Form 3349, Physical Profile Record
The Army's physical profile form - shows your PULHES serials, the medical condition, the limitations, and whether the profile is temporary or permanent.
Why it matters for your claim: Every DA 3349 is dated proof of a duty-limiting condition; a permanent 3 or 4 on this form is what pushes a soldier into the disability system.
The Army's physical profile form - shows your PULHES serials, the medical condition, the limitations, and whether the profile is temporary or permanent.
Why it matters for your claim: Every DA 3349 is dated proof of a duty-limiting condition; a permanent 3 or 4 on this form is what pushes a soldier into the disability system.
DA 3947 — DA Form 3947, Medical Evaluation Board Proceedings
The Army MEB's cover sheet listing your diagnoses and whether each meets retention standards.
Why it matters for your claim: The DA 3947 names every condition the MEB evaluated - check that your VA claim covers all of them, not just the ones found unfitting.
The Army MEB's cover sheet listing your diagnoses and whether each meets retention standards.
Why it matters for your claim: The DA 3947 names every condition the MEB evaluated - check that your VA claim covers all of them, not just the ones found unfitting.
DD 214 — DD Form 214, Certificate of Release or Discharge from Active Duty
Your discharge paper - service dates, character of discharge, deployments, awards, and MOS.
Why it matters for your claim: The DD 214 proves service dates, combat awards (e.g., CIB, CAR), and deployment service that unlock presumptions (combat rule 38 U.S.C. 1154(b), PACT Act locations).
Your discharge paper - service dates, character of discharge, deployments, awards, and MOS.
Why it matters for your claim: The DD 214 proves service dates, combat awards (e.g., CIB, CAR), and deployment service that unlock presumptions (combat rule 38 U.S.C. 1154(b), PACT Act locations).
DD 2215 — DD Form 2215, Reference Audiogram
Your baseline hearing test, done at entry to service before noise exposure - the reference all later hearing tests are compared against.
Why it matters for your claim: The DD 2215 is your hearing baseline; any later test showing worse thresholds than this form documents in-service hearing damage.
Your baseline hearing test, done at entry to service before noise exposure - the reference all later hearing tests are compared against.
Why it matters for your claim: The DD 2215 is your hearing baseline; any later test showing worse thresholds than this form documents in-service hearing damage.
DD 2216 — DD Form 2216, Hearing Conservation Data
The annual hearing test form for members in the hearing conservation program (noise-exposed jobs).
Why it matters for your claim: A series of DD 2216s showing thresholds creeping upward - or a flagged significant threshold shift (STS) - is direct, numeric proof of noise damage during service.
The annual hearing test form for members in the hearing conservation program (noise-exposed jobs).
Why it matters for your claim: A series of DD 2216s showing thresholds creeping upward - or a flagged significant threshold shift (STS) - is direct, numeric proof of noise damage during service.
DD 261 — DD Form 261, Report of Investigation - Line of Duty and Misconduct Status
The formal line-of-duty investigation report done by an investigating officer for serious injuries.
Why it matters for your claim: The LOD investigation contains sworn statements and findings about how an injury happened - powerful evidence tying the injury to service (or documents a misconduct finding you may need to rebut).
The formal line-of-duty investigation report done by an investigating officer for serious injuries.
Why it matters for your claim: The LOD investigation contains sworn statements and findings about how an injury happened - powerful evidence tying the injury to service (or documents a misconduct finding you may need to rebut).
DD 2697 — DD Form 2697, Report of Medical Assessment
The separation medical assessment where you list every injury, illness, or concern from your service before you get out.
Why it matters for your claim: Conditions you wrote on the DD 2697 at separation - including ones you never went to sick call for - are documented in-service complaints. Box 13 (problems you did not seek care for) is especially valuable.
The separation medical assessment where you list every injury, illness, or concern from your service before you get out.
Why it matters for your claim: Conditions you wrote on the DD 2697 at separation - including ones you never went to sick call for - are documented in-service complaints. Box 13 (problems you did not seek care for) is especially valuable.
DD 2807-1 — DD Form 2807-1, Report of Medical History
The current self-report questionnaire you fill out at entrance and separation exams - replaced the SF 93.
Why it matters for your claim: Symptoms you reported on the separation DD 2807-1 are dated, signed evidence in your own words - VA raters give them real weight.
The current self-report questionnaire you fill out at entrance and separation exams - replaced the SF 93.
Why it matters for your claim: Symptoms you reported on the separation DD 2807-1 are dated, signed evidence in your own words - VA raters give them real weight.
DD 2808 — DD Form 2808, Report of Medical Examination
The current physician-completed physical exam form (entrance and separation) - includes the PULHES box; replaced the SF 88.
Why it matters for your claim: The entrance DD 2808 fixes your baseline (presumption of soundness); the separation DD 2808 captures what changed. Differences between the two are core claim evidence.
The current physician-completed physical exam form (entrance and separation) - includes the PULHES box; replaced the SF 88.
Why it matters for your claim: The entrance DD 2808 fixes your baseline (presumption of soundness); the separation DD 2808 captures what changed. Differences between the two are core claim evidence.
DD 689 — DD Form 689, Individual Sick Slip
The small sick-call slip carried between your unit and the aid station - it shows why you went and the disposition (duty, quarters, hospital).
Why it matters for your claim: Sick slips prove sick-call visits that sometimes never made it into the main record - each one is dated evidence of an in-service complaint.
The small sick-call slip carried between your unit and the aid station - it shows why you went and the disposition (duty, quarters, hospital).
Why it matters for your claim: Sick slips prove sick-call visits that sometimes never made it into the main record - each one is dated evidence of an in-service complaint.
NAVMED 6100/1 — NAVMED 6100/1, Medical Board Report
The Navy form used to submit a medical board report on a sailor or Marine whose condition may not meet standards.
Why it matters for your claim: A Navy medical board report documents a significant in-service condition in detail - the Navy equivalent of Army MEB paperwork.
The Navy form used to submit a medical board report on a sailor or Marine whose condition may not meet standards.
Why it matters for your claim: A Navy medical board report documents a significant in-service condition in detail - the Navy equivalent of Army MEB paperwork.
SF 502 — Standard Form 502, Medical Record - Narrative Summary (Clinical Resume)
The discharge summary form written after a hospitalization.
Why it matters for your claim: A hospitalization narrative summary documents an in-service medical event in detail - request inpatient (clinical) records separately, as they are often stored apart from the STR.
The discharge summary form written after a hospitalization.
Why it matters for your claim: A hospitalization narrative summary documents an in-service medical event in detail - request inpatient (clinical) records separately, as they are often stored apart from the STR.
SF 600 — Standard Form 600, Chronological Record of Medical Care
The workhorse sick-call form - each clinic visit was written on an SF 600, so these pages ARE your treatment history.
Why it matters for your claim: SF 600s are where in-service complaints live; a single dated 'c/o back pain' entry can establish onset. Read every SF 600 page, including the backs.
The workhorse sick-call form - each clinic visit was written on an SF 600, so these pages ARE your treatment history.
Why it matters for your claim: SF 600s are where in-service complaints live; a single dated 'c/o back pain' entry can establish onset. Read every SF 600 page, including the backs.
SF 88 — Standard Form 88, Report of Medical Examination
The old physical exam form (used into the 2000s) filled out by the doctor at entrance, separation, and periodic physicals - includes the PULHES box.
Why it matters for your claim: Compare your entrance SF 88 with your separation SF 88: new defects, lowered PULHES, or new notes at separation are direct evidence a condition arose in service.
The old physical exam form (used into the 2000s) filled out by the doctor at entrance, separation, and periodic physicals - includes the PULHES box.
Why it matters for your claim: Compare your entrance SF 88 with your separation SF 88: new defects, lowered PULHES, or new notes at separation are direct evidence a condition arose in service.
SF 93 — Standard Form 93, Report of Medical History
The old self-report questionnaire (paired with the SF 88) where YOU checked yes/no boxes about symptoms and listed problems in your own words.
Why it matters for your claim: Boxes you checked 'yes' on a separation SF 93 are your own contemporaneous symptom reports - among the best onset evidence available.
The old self-report questionnaire (paired with the SF 88) where YOU checked yes/no boxes about symptoms and listed problems in your own words.
Why it matters for your claim: Boxes you checked 'yes' on a separation SF 93 are your own contemporaneous symptom reports - among the best onset evidence available.
Hearing & Audiology
dB HL — decibels hearing level
Hearing test units - 0-25 dB HL is normal; higher numbers mean the sound had to be louder for you to hear it (26-40 mild loss, 41-55 moderate, 56-70 moderately severe, 71+ severe).
Why it matters for your claim: VA's own definition of hearing-loss disability (38 CFR 3.385) is written in dB HL: 40 dB at any key frequency, or 26 dB at three of them, or poor speech recognition - check your service audiograms against those numbers.
Hearing test units - 0-25 dB HL is normal; higher numbers mean the sound had to be louder for you to hear it (26-40 mild loss, 41-55 moderate, 56-70 moderately severe, 71+ severe).
Why it matters for your claim: VA's own definition of hearing-loss disability (38 CFR 3.385) is written in dB HL: 40 dB at any key frequency, or 26 dB at three of them, or poor speech recognition - check your service audiograms against those numbers.
H2 — Hearing profile serial 2
Measurable hearing loss beyond H1 standards - you can still serve, sometimes with noise restrictions like 'no unprotected noise exposure.'
Why it matters for your claim: An H2 (or worse) profile is the military itself documenting hearing loss during service - a cornerstone of hearing loss and tinnitus claims.
Measurable hearing loss beyond H1 standards - you can still serve, sometimes with noise restrictions like 'no unprotected noise exposure.'
Why it matters for your claim: An H2 (or worse) profile is the military itself documenting hearing loss during service - a cornerstone of hearing loss and tinnitus claims.
H3 — Hearing profile serial 3
Significant hearing loss - typically assigned after a full audiology workup, with duty and assignment limitations.
Why it matters for your claim: An H3 documents major in-service hearing loss and generates an audiology paper trail - pull the referral audiograms behind it.
Significant hearing loss - typically assigned after a full audiology workup, with duty and assignment limitations.
Why it matters for your claim: An H3 documents major in-service hearing loss and generates an audiology paper trail - pull the referral audiograms behind it.
HCP — Hearing Conservation Program
The program requiring annual hearing tests for members in noisy jobs - enrollment itself proves the military considered your job hazardous-noise duty.
Why it matters for your claim: HCP enrollment (routinely noted on DD 2215/2216 forms) is official acknowledgment of hazardous noise exposure in your duties - it concedes the exposure element of a hearing claim.
The program requiring annual hearing tests for members in noisy jobs - enrollment itself proves the military considered your job hazardous-noise duty.
Why it matters for your claim: HCP enrollment (routinely noted on DD 2215/2216 forms) is official acknowledgment of hazardous noise exposure in your duties - it concedes the exposure element of a hearing claim.
NIHL — noise-induced hearing loss
Hearing loss specifically from loud noise - the diagnosis that names the cause.
Why it matters for your claim: 'NIHL' in a service record is the military attributing your hearing loss to noise - about as direct as nexus evidence gets.
Hearing loss specifically from loud noise - the diagnosis that names the cause.
Why it matters for your claim: 'NIHL' in a service record is the military attributing your hearing loss to noise - about as direct as nexus evidence gets.
noise notch — audiometric noise notch
The characteristic dip in an audiogram at 3000-6000 Hz (usually 4000 Hz) with recovery at 8000 Hz - the fingerprint of noise damage.
Why it matters for your claim: A 4000 Hz notch on any service audiogram is the classic objective signature of noise-induced damage - audiologists and VA examiners recognize it on sight; point it out.
The characteristic dip in an audiogram at 3000-6000 Hz (usually 4000 Hz) with recovery at 8000 Hz - the fingerprint of noise damage.
Why it matters for your claim: A 4000 Hz notch on any service audiogram is the classic objective signature of noise-induced damage - audiologists and VA examiners recognize it on sight; point it out.
SNHL — sensorineural hearing loss
Inner-ear/nerve hearing loss - the kind caused by noise exposure and aging; this is what weapons fire and jet engines produce.
Why it matters for your claim: SNHL is the type of loss noise causes - an in-service SNHL notation directly supports a noise-exposure nexus.
Inner-ear/nerve hearing loss - the kind caused by noise exposure and aging; this is what weapons fire and jet engines produce.
Why it matters for your claim: SNHL is the type of loss noise causes - an in-service SNHL notation directly supports a noise-exposure nexus.
STS — significant threshold shift (standard threshold shift in OSHA usage)
A flagged worsening of your hearing compared to your baseline audiogram - the hearing conservation program's alarm bell.
Why it matters for your claim: A documented STS is numeric proof your hearing got worse during service - even if your hearing still tested 'within normal limits' overall, the downward shift itself supports the claim.
A flagged worsening of your hearing compared to your baseline audiogram - the hearing conservation program's alarm bell.
Why it matters for your claim: A documented STS is numeric proof your hearing got worse during service - even if your hearing still tested 'within normal limits' overall, the downward shift itself supports the claim.
tinnitus — tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
Ringing, buzzing, or hissing in the ears - in records it may appear only as 'ringing in ears,' 'ears ringing after range,' or a checked box on a hearing questionnaire.
Why it matters for your claim: Tinnitus is VA's most-claimed disability (10% rating): ANY in-service mention - even one sick-call line about ringing after weapons fire - plus noise exposure supports it, and it can be established by your own testimony because it is subjectively observable.
Ringing, buzzing, or hissing in the ears - in records it may appear only as 'ringing in ears,' 'ears ringing after range,' or a checked box on a hearing questionnaire.
Why it matters for your claim: Tinnitus is VA's most-claimed disability (10% rating): ANY in-service mention - even one sick-call line about ringing after weapons fire - plus noise exposure supports it, and it can be established by your own testimony because it is subjectively observable.
TM — tympanic membrane
The eardrum - 'TMs intact/pearly' is a normal exam; 'TM perforation' is a hole in the eardrum.
Why it matters for your claim: A documented TM perforation (blast, barotrauma, infection) is a discrete in-service ear injury - relevant to hearing loss, tinnitus, and recurrent ear problems.
The eardrum - 'TMs intact/pearly' is a normal exam; 'TM perforation' is a hole in the eardrum.
Why it matters for your claim: A documented TM perforation (blast, barotrauma, infection) is a discrete in-service ear injury - relevant to hearing loss, tinnitus, and recurrent ear problems.
WRS — word recognition score
The percentage of words you repeated correctly at a comfortable volume - VA rates hearing on this (using the Maryland CNC list) together with pure tone average.
Why it matters for your claim: VA's hearing rating table needs BOTH the pure tone average and the Maryland CNC word recognition score - a low in-service word score is ratable evidence.
The percentage of words you repeated correctly at a comfortable volume - VA rates hearing on this (using the Maryland CNC list) together with pure tone average.
Why it matters for your claim: VA's hearing rating table needs BOTH the pure tone average and the Maryland CNC word recognition score - a low in-service word score is ratable evidence.
Deployment Health
AHOBPR — Airborne Hazards and Open Burn Pit Registry
VA's registry for veterans exposed to burn pits and airborne hazards - joining documents your exposure account.
Why it matters for your claim: Registry participation is not required for PACT Act benefits, but the registry exam and questionnaire create a documented exposure narrative that supports respiratory and cancer claims.
VA's registry for veterans exposed to burn pits and airborne hazards - joining documents your exposure account.
Why it matters for your claim: Registry participation is not required for PACT Act benefits, but the registry exam and questionnaire create a documented exposure narrative that supports respiratory and cancer claims.
GWI — Gulf War Illness
The chronic multisymptom illness pattern (fatigue, pain, cognitive and gut problems) affecting Gulf War veterans - also charted as CMI (chronic multisymptom illness).
Why it matters for your claim: GWI-type symptom clusters do not need a conventional diagnosis to be compensated - 'undiagnosed illness' is itself the legal basis for SWA veterans (38 CFR 3.317).
The chronic multisymptom illness pattern (fatigue, pain, cognitive and gut problems) affecting Gulf War veterans - also charted as CMI (chronic multisymptom illness).
Why it matters for your claim: GWI-type symptom clusters do not need a conventional diagnosis to be compensated - 'undiagnosed illness' is itself the legal basis for SWA veterans (38 CFR 3.317).
IED — improvised explosive device
Roadside bomb - 'IED blast exposure' entries mark blast events.
Why it matters for your claim: Every documented blast exposure supports TBI, tinnitus/hearing, and PTSD claims - even without visible injury at the time; look for MACE exams and 'near-miss' incident notes after IED entries.
Roadside bomb - 'IED blast exposure' entries mark blast events.
Why it matters for your claim: Every documented blast exposure supports TBI, tinnitus/hearing, and PTSD claims - even without visible injury at the time; look for MACE exams and 'near-miss' incident notes after IED entries.
MACE — Military Acute Concussion Evaluation
The standardized concussion exam (now MACE 2) done after blasts, crashes, and head impacts - score, symptoms, and LOC/memory questions.
Why it matters for your claim: A MACE in your record proves a concussion-level event was suspected at the time - the score sheet documents the injury and immediate symptoms for a TBI claim.
The standardized concussion exam (now MACE 2) done after blasts, crashes, and head impacts - score, symptoms, and LOC/memory questions.
Why it matters for your claim: A MACE in your record proves a concussion-level event was suspected at the time - the score sheet documents the injury and immediate symptoms for a TBI claim.
MEDEVAC — medical evacuation
Evacuation of a casualty by dedicated medical transport, usually helicopter.
Why it matters for your claim: A MEDEVAC entry marks a serious in-service medical event with a paper trail (flight records, Role 2/3 notes) - track down the receiving facility's records.
Evacuation of a casualty by dedicated medical transport, usually helicopter.
Why it matters for your claim: A MEDEVAC entry marks a serious in-service medical event with a paper trail (flight records, Role 2/3 notes) - track down the receiving facility's records.
OEF — Operation Enduring Freedom
The Afghanistan war (2001-2014) and related operations.
Why it matters for your claim: OEF service establishes PACT Act burn-pit/airborne-hazard presumptive exposure - a long list of respiratory conditions and cancers is presumed service-connected for these veterans.
The Afghanistan war (2001-2014) and related operations.
Why it matters for your claim: OEF service establishes PACT Act burn-pit/airborne-hazard presumptive exposure - a long list of respiratory conditions and cancers is presumed service-connected for these veterans.
OIF — Operation Iraqi Freedom
The Iraq war (2003-2010; 'OND,' Operation New Dawn, covers 2010-2011).
Why it matters for your claim: OIF/OND service carries both the PACT Act burn-pit presumptions and the Southwest Asia Gulf War presumptions (38 CFR 3.317) - two separate presumptive doors.
The Iraq war (2003-2010; 'OND,' Operation New Dawn, covers 2010-2011).
Why it matters for your claim: OIF/OND service carries both the PACT Act burn-pit presumptions and the Southwest Asia Gulf War presumptions (38 CFR 3.317) - two separate presumptive doors.
PDHA — Post-Deployment Health Assessment (DD Form 2796)
The health questionnaire completed right at the end of a deployment - symptoms, exposures, mental health screening.
Why it matters for your claim: Your PDHA answers are dated, signed self-reports tied to a specific deployment - a 'yes' on combat exposure, blasts, burn pits, or nightmares corroborates onset for PTSD, TBI, and respiratory claims.
The health questionnaire completed right at the end of a deployment - symptoms, exposures, mental health screening.
Why it matters for your claim: Your PDHA answers are dated, signed self-reports tied to a specific deployment - a 'yes' on combat exposure, blasts, burn pits, or nightmares corroborates onset for PTSD, TBI, and respiratory claims.
PDHRA — Post-Deployment Health Reassessment (DD Form 2900)
The follow-up questionnaire 90-180 days after returning, designed to catch problems that surfaced after the initial screen.
Why it matters for your claim: Symptoms often denied at redeployment (to get home faster) show up on the PDHRA months later - it is frequently the first documentation of PTSD, sleep, or headache symptoms.
The follow-up questionnaire 90-180 days after returning, designed to catch problems that surfaced after the initial screen.
Why it matters for your claim: Symptoms often denied at redeployment (to get home faster) show up on the PDHRA months later - it is frequently the first documentation of PTSD, sleep, or headache symptoms.
Pre-DHA — Pre-Deployment Health Assessment (DD Form 2795)
The health questionnaire completed before deploying - your documented health baseline going in.
Why it matters for your claim: The pre-deployment assessment proves what you did NOT have going in - a clean Pre-DHA followed by a symptomatic PDHA brackets onset inside the deployment.
The health questionnaire completed before deploying - your documented health baseline going in.
Why it matters for your claim: The pre-deployment assessment proves what you did NOT have going in - a clean Pre-DHA followed by a symptomatic PDHA brackets onset inside the deployment.
SWA — Southwest Asia
The Gulf War theater (Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, Oman, and nearby waters/airspace) - 'SWA service' on records flags Gulf War-era deployment.
Why it matters for your claim: Southwest Asia service from Aug 2, 1990 onward triggers the Gulf War presumptions: undiagnosed illnesses and certain chronic multisymptom conditions (IBS, fibromyalgia, CFS) are presumptively service-connected (38 CFR 3.317).
The Gulf War theater (Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, Oman, and nearby waters/airspace) - 'SWA service' on records flags Gulf War-era deployment.
Why it matters for your claim: Southwest Asia service from Aug 2, 1990 onward triggers the Gulf War presumptions: undiagnosed illnesses and certain chronic multisymptom conditions (IBS, fibromyalgia, CFS) are presumptively service-connected (38 CFR 3.317).
TCCC — Tactical Combat Casualty Care
Battlefield trauma care protocol - a 'TCCC card' (DD Form 1380) is the point-of-injury casualty card recording wounds and treatment.
Why it matters for your claim: The DD 1380/TCCC casualty card is point-of-injury documentation - if one was filled out on you, it is primary evidence of a combat injury; copies sometimes survive in theater records.
Battlefield trauma care protocol - a 'TCCC card' (DD Form 1380) is the point-of-injury casualty card recording wounds and treatment.
Why it matters for your claim: The DD 1380/TCCC casualty card is point-of-injury documentation - if one was filled out on you, it is primary evidence of a combat injury; copies sometimes survive in theater records.
TMDS — Theater Medical Data Store
The database holding electronic medical encounters documented in the combat theater - deployment sick-call records often live here rather than in your main record.
Why it matters for your claim: If you were treated downrange and your STR looks empty for that period, the encounter may be in TMDS - specifically ask VA (or request yourself) that TMDS/theater records be pulled.
The database holding electronic medical encounters documented in the combat theater - deployment sick-call records often live here rather than in your main record.
Why it matters for your claim: If you were treated downrange and your STR looks empty for that period, the encounter may be in TMDS - specifically ask VA (or request yourself) that TMDS/theater records be pulled.
A Worked Example
“SM c/o LBP x3d, TTP L4-L5, ROM WNL, RTD” decodes to: the service member came to sick call reporting low back pain for three days; the examiner found tenderness to palpation at the L4-L5 vertebrae; range of motion was within normal limits; returned to duty. For a claim, that line is a dated, in-service, provider-documented back complaint with an objective finding (the tenderness) — exactly the kind of entry that, repeated over time, establishes chronicity.
Definitions verified against service regulations (AR 40-501/40-502, DAFMAN 48-123, NAVMED P-117, DoDI 6055.12) and official form libraries. 465 entries; ambiguous abbreviations note their alternate readings.
Common questions
Where do I get a copy of my service treatment records if I don't already have them?
For most veterans separated after the mid-1990s, STRs are stored with your Official Military Personnel File (OMPF) or in the Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application (AHLTA)/electronic health record system and can be requested through the National Archives (NPRC), eBenefits/VA.gov, or by asking your service branch's records office. If you filed a VA claim, the VA is also required to request your STRs on your behalf, but veterans often find missing pages by requesting a copy directly rather than relying solely on the VA's file.
What's the difference between my STRs and my C-file?
Your STRs are the in-service medical records - sick call visits, profiles, lab results, and treatment notes generated while you were on active duty or in a drilling status. Your C-file (claims file) is the VA's complete record of your disability claim, which includes your STRs plus VA exam reports (C&P exams), rating decisions, buddy statements, and any private medical evidence you submitted. STRs are a subset of the larger C-file.
What should I do if an abbreviation in my records isn't in this database?
Some handwriting is provider-specific shorthand, a foreign-language notation from an overseas clinic, or a typo, and won't appear in any standard glossary. In that case, try searching the surrounding words for context, ask a VSO (Veterans Service Officer) who reads STRs regularly, or bring the specific page to a medical provider writing a nexus letter - they can often infer the meaning from clinical context even if the exact abbreviation isn't documented anywhere.
Using These Notations Beyond the Individual Entry
Reading a single abbreviation is only the first step. The real value comes from pulling every entry for the same body part or condition across your entire service record and lining them up by date. A pattern like c/o LBP in year one, TTP L4-L5 in year two, and quarters orders in year three tells a very different, stronger story than any one entry alone - it shows a condition that recurred and worsened over time, which is exactly what chronicity and continuity-of-symptoms arguments rely on.
It also helps to distinguish administrative or personnel-adjacent entries (like LOD determinations, Chapter 5-13/5-17 discharge codes, or AR 40-501 references) from clinical entries (like ROM, TTP, or BP readings). The clinical entries are evidence of what happened to your body; the administrative entries often determine whether that evidence is even considered service-connected in the first place, so both types are worth flagging when reviewing a full record.
Finally, keep in mind that STRs are frequently incomplete - records get lost, especially for Guard/Reserve members whose ADT and inactive duty training periods are documented separately from civilian medical care. A gap in the record does not necessarily mean nothing happened; it may just mean the paperwork didn't survive, which is where buddy statements and other secondary evidence come in.
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